The measurement of the result could also be goal or subjective, and corrected with “handicaps” or penalties. In a race, for example, the time to complete the course is an goal measurement. In gymnastics or diving the result is decided by a panel of judges, and therefore subjective. There are many shades of judging between boxing and combined martial arts, the place victory is assigned by judges if neither competitor has lost at the end of the match time.
Much much less well known within the West are varma adi (“hitting the important spots”) and other martial arts traditions of South Asia. In the early trendy era, as unarmed combat turned out of date, the emphasis of Asian martial arts tended to shift back toward faith. Japanese kenjutsu (“techniques of the sword”) grew to become kendō (“the means of the sword”). Contests for runners and jumpers have been to be …