Yet, developers concentrate on civilian applications with global consumer markets in mind, and the Big Tech firms pushing these developments have turn out to be essentially the most influential non-state actors on the planet. These services promised connectivity across the planet, facilitating new types of significant information-sharing and enabling world communities of unprecedented scale and scope. Their free-of-charge operation is of course attractive to customers, but “behind the scenes” they depend on an advertising-backed business model. For that to work, customers should ideally stay connected 24/7 in order to feed the evermore-sophisticated micro-targeting algorithms. Such addictive behaviour and the increasing manipulation facilitated by it aren’t within the users’ curiosity.

The name Elkawnie itself comes from Arabic, particularly Kauniyah, which implies verses that show the signs of the existence of Allah SWT in human life. The Elkawnie Journal was formed on December 12, 2014, and began releasing the primary time in …